天美传媒

Dr. Steve Hodges, a pediatric urologist who practices in Winston-Salem, NC, is a leading expert when it comes to children and issues related to toilet training, bedwetting and constipation. His own published research shows that children trained before age 2 have a much higher risk of having accidents compared to those trained later and are more likely to become habitual holders of their pee and poop, which can lead to issues with constipation.

Hodges can discuss how today's today鈥檚 modern parents feel societal and financial pressure to toilet train their children before they are developmentally and physically ready. In his opinion, few children are ready to be fully toilet trained before the age of 3.
 
He can discuss how diet affects children's bowel systems: what goes in (food) determines what comes out (poop). A diet full of highly processed foods like crackers, chicken nuggets and hotdogs without lots of vegetables, fruits and fibers often leads to constipation.
 
Hodges can discuss how improper poop or pee posture can affect children's ability to fully eliminate: When it comes to pooping, it鈥檚 not enough to have a cute little seat in place because a 鈥渟quatting鈥� position improves childrens鈥� ability to fully eliminate. They need to sit on the toilet with their feet on a tall stool, leaning forward, elbows on knees.

And, he can address how parents and caregivers should not ASK if their child has to go to the bathroom because they will likely say NO because they don鈥檛 want to stop whatever activity they are involved in. Instead, children should be directed to attempt to pee about every two hours and should be encouraged in a way that works for them individually.
 
When children hold their pee at this young age, this actually leads to smaller bladder capacity which can lead to problems like bedwetting.
 

Michael Leapman, MD was drawn to the field of urology for the opportunity to care for patients with urologic cancers. He aims, above all, to deliver the highest level of care possible with the utmost consideration and compassion for the impact that cancer places on patients, as well as their families, friends and communities.
Dr. Leapman graduated from Cornell University where he majored in Neurobiology and Behavior, and received his medical school degree from the University of Maryland in Baltimore. He completed his General Surgery and Urology training at the Mount Sinai Hospital in New York, NY. Subsequently, he completed a urologic oncology fellowship at the University of California San Francisco (UCSF) accredited by the Society of Urologic Oncology. He joined the faculty at the Yale University School of Medicine and Yale Cancer Center in 2016, specializing in urologic oncology with a joint appointment at the West Haven Veterans Affairs Medical Center.

As Professor of Medicine and Urology at Yale School of Medicine, Dr. Daniel P. Petrylak is a pioneer in the research and development of new drugs and treatments to fight prostate, bladder, kidney and testicular cancer. For patients fighting these types of cancers, Petrylak finds recent developments in the field of immunotherapy particularly promising. “Up until recently, bladder cancer had not seen any major advancement in more than 30 years,” he says. “Studies are ongoing, but interim results are exciting so far.” At the Smilow Cancer Hospital, Dr. Petrylak’s position as a national leader on clinical trials for men with prostate and bladder cancer has opened up a world of treatment options for patients in New England. “We offer the latest investigational drugs for these conditions, while providing the highest level of care,” he says. Dr. Petrylak received his MD from Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine and joined the Yale faculty in 2012. In addition to his role as professor, he is also a member of the Cancer Signaling Networks Research Program at Yale Cancer Center, which studies how cancer stem cells are regulated in the body and communicate with surrounding tissue. Roughly 40 physicians and scientists in the program work together to develop the best methods for matching patients with the appropriate cancer drugs. One of Dr. Petrylak’s key goals is to continue to successfully translate basic research into clinical practice. “One of the most significant accomplishments in my career was moving docetaxel (an antineoplastic agent) therapy for the most advanced form of prostate cancer from phase I to III,” he says. “We ran a trial which supported its approval for the most advanced form of prostate cancer.” Dr. Petrylak currently serves as either the principal investigator or co-principal investigator on seven Southwest Oncology Group (SWOG) clinical trials for genitourinary cancers. To date, he has authored more than 100 peer-reviewed articles on prostate and bladder cancer research.

Dr. Preston C. Sprenkle specializes in the treatment of urologic cancers, including prostate cancer, kidney cancer, bladder cancer, testicular cancer and sarcoma 鈥� a rare kind of cancer that grows in cells that connect or support other parts of the body, like bone or muscle.
Dr. Sprenkle has dedicated his career to using the latest imaging technologies to improve diagnosis. He was one of the first physicians nationwide to implement the use of the Artemis Device. This machine, introduced in 2009, allows a surgeon to use 3D ultrasound technology and merge it with even more precise magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to accurately identify cancerous tumors.
鈥淪killed and experienced radiologists are rare for this relatively new technique,鈥� Dr. Sprenkle explains. 鈥淎t Yale, we are fortunate to have some of the world leaders in prostate MRI.鈥�
Dr. Sprenkle is also a pioneer in 鈥渇ocal therapy,鈥� which allows a surgeon to treat tiny prostate lesions, rather than the whole organ. This avoids many of the side effects鈥攕uch as erectile dysfunction and incontinence鈥攖hat may follow the removal of the whole prostate.
鈥淓xciting technological advances are revolutionizing urology. Prostate cancer is very common and current treatments can majorly impact a man's sexual and urinary function,鈥� Dr. Sprenkle says. 鈥淒eveloping ways to minimize the impact of prostate cancer diagnosis and treatment on a man's health and quality of life is tremendously rewarding.鈥�
Dr. Sprenkle believes in working with patients to come up with individualized treatment plans. 鈥淚 want my patients to feel that I hear their concerns and treat them like a person. I am pleased at the end of a long consultation when they feel like they understand their disease and their options.鈥�

Education & Training:
Non Degree Program-Yale School of Management, Emerging Leaders Program (2018)
Fellowship-Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (2011)
Residency-New York Presbyterian Hospital (2009)
Internship-New York Presbyterian Hospital (2005)
MD-Columbia University (2004)
BA-Stanford University, Human Biology (1998)

Dr. Kara L. Watts, Associate Professor of Urology, joined the urology faculty at Montefiore in 2016. She completed a fellowship in Quality and Performance Improvement in Healthcare and an extended observership in focal ablation for prostate cancer in the UK. She serves as the Director of Quality Assurance and Improvement for the Department of Urology and leads the prostate cancer screening program.
Dr. Watts' clinical practice focuses on BPH, endourology, and prostate cancer detection and ablation. She also offers image-guided focal ablation for localized prostate cancer. She has a particular interest in active surveillance of prostate cancer and incorporating imaging modalities, particularly MRI imaging, into the diagnosis and treatment of localized prostate cancer.
Dr. Watts has numerous peer-reviewed publications, written several book chapters and co-edited a textbook. She has presented both nationally and internationally at various conferences and with the AUA regarding her work on quality improvement in healthcare and active surveillance and focal ablation in prostate cancer. She is involved in several national and international committees and editorial boards, including the AUA Quality Improvement and Patient Safety Committee, the Prostate Cancer Active Surveillance Research Initiative Advisory Committee, and the Urology Times Editorial Board.

Dr. Koo is an associate professor of urology at Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science. He maintains an active multidisciplinary research program supported by the National Institutes of Health studying the pathophysiology of urinary stone disease. He also leads clinical trials evaluating new technologies that can enhance surgical outcomes and patient safety during endoscopic surgery. He participates in the clinical education of students, residents, and fellows, and conducts research in surgical simulation and education science.
A frequent contributor to the medical press, Dr. Koo is an editorial board member of prominent medical journals and serves on numerous committees and advisory councils of the American Urological Association, Endourological Society, and American College of Surgeons. He is also a national leader in health policy and advocacy and was previously a fellow at the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.

I am a surgeon who specializes in nerve-sparing  for the treatment of  and salvage radical prostatectomy in patients with prostate cancer in whom radiation therapy has failed.
I completed my fellowship in urologic oncology in 1995 and have been in practice since then, devoting the past 15 years exclusively to the care of men with prostate cancer.

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, is a board-certified urologist who specializes in detecting, treating and preventing genitourinary cancer. He is experienced in surgical and nonsurgical treatments for all urologic malignancies, including adrenal, upper tract, renal, bladder, prostate, penile and testicular cancers. He also has expertise in minimally invasive approaches to urologic surgery.
As an associate professor in the Department of Urology, Bagrodia trains medical students, residents and fellows at University of California San Diego School of Medicine, where he leads the genitourinary disease team. He has focused his clinical and research interests on understanding molecular attributes of germ cell tumors, which cause testicular cancer, with the goal of ultimately improving treatments and clinical care. He also has been actively involved in understanding and overcoming societal and epidemiological barriers to optimal care in testicular cancer patients.
Bagrodia, , has been involved in clinical trials for patients with testicular cancer and has conducted extensive research in urologic oncology, primarily in biomarker profiles and molecular signatures of urologic tumors as predictors of clinical outcomes. He has been funded through intramural research grants and also via competitive grants from the Cancer Prevention and Research Institute of Texas (CPRIT) and the National Institutes of Health.
He is the principal author or co-author of more than 150 articles in peer-reviewed publications such as Journal of Clinical Oncology, Nature Genetics, European Urology, Journal of Urology, Urologic Oncology, and Urology. Dr. Bagrodia is also a reviewer for many of these publications, as well as for the British Journal of Urology, Journal of Clinical Pathology and the Annals of Surgical Oncology. He also has contributed to several textbooks.
He also speaks Hindi.