Key Takeaways:
- College students who vape have lower cognitive function scores, a study suggests
- The more students vape, the lower their cognitive function, including learning, memory, problem-solving and critical thinking
- Students who vape and smoke have the lowest scores, some in the range of moderate cognitive impairment
Newswise — ORLANDO, Fla., Sept. 15, 2024 – College students who vaped had lower cognitive function scores than those who didn’t, and the more they vaped, the bigger the disparity, according to first-of-its-kind research being presented at the 149th Annual Meeting of the American Neurological Association (ANA).
The study also found college students who vaped and smoked had the lowest scores. While using electronic cigarettes (vaping) has been shown to cause lung damage, the research presented at ANA is groundbreaking because there is little to no information on vaping’s relationship to cognitive function, such as learning, memory, problem-solving, critical thinking and decision-making. Cognitive testing is rarely performed in young people.
“People in the study who had previously smoked cigarettes typically smoked three or four a week, but with vaping, they now smoke double, triple, or more, especially if they smoke and vape,” said Linker Viñan Paucar, lead author of the study and a final-year medical student at Catholic University of Santiago de Guayaquil, Ecuador. “Electronic cigarettes with up to 20,000 puffs are supposed to last three months, but we found many students finished them before the first month and started using others.”
The study included 405 Hispanic college students ages 18-30 who attended one of two universities in Guayaquil, Ecuador: 64 only vaped; 31 only smoked cigarettes; 111 smoked and vaped; and 199 never smoked or vaped. All were given Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) tests, for which scores 26 and above are considered normal and those below 25 may indicate some cognitive impairment. MoCA scores were as follows. Students who:
- Did not smoke or vape scored a median of 26 (low of 18)
- Only vaped scored a median of 24 (low of 16)
- Only smoked cigarettes scored a median of 25 (low of 22)
- Vaped and smoking together scored a median of 24 (low of 8)
Researchers also determined students who vaped 10 to 20 puffs per day had scores 9.2% lower than those who did not vape or smoke, and those who vaped more than 20 puffs a day had scores 13.7% lower than those who didn’t vape or smoke.
Initially promoted as a safe alternative to cigarettes, vapes actually contain significant levels of nicotine, Viñan Paucar noted. “We believe our research marks a before and after in the field of studying cognitive function regarding vaping,” he said. “It will be important to study vaping in other college students, including those who are Black, white or Asian and Pacific islander.”
Research has shown smoking can affect cognition by reducing brain volume and narrowing the blood vessels, lowering blood flow and oxygen to the brain. Further, nicotine can cause neurotoxicity that damages brain cells.
In 2021, 4.5% of U.S. adults 18 and over – and 11% of those 18-24 – vaped, and white adults (5.2%) were more likely to vape than Hispanic (3.3%), Black (2.4%) or Asian (2.9%) adults, according to the National Center for Health Statistics.
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About the American Neurological Association (ANA)
From advances in stroke and dementia to movement disorders and epilepsy, the American Neurological Association has been the vanguard of research since 1875 as the premier professional society of academic neurologists and neuroscientists devoted to understanding and treating diseases of the nervous system. Its monthly Annals of Neurology is among the world’s most prestigious medical journals, and the ANA’s Annals of Clinical and Translational Neurology is an online-only, open access journal providing rapid dissemination of high-quality, peer-reviewed research related to all areas of neurology. The acclaimed ANA Annual Meeting draws faculty and trainees from the top academic departments across the U.S. and abroad for groundbreaking research, networking, and career development. For more information, visit www.myana.org or @TheNewANA1.
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