This diagram illustrates the role of macrophage ATF6 in orthodontic tooth movement. When corticotomy is applied, monocytes are recruited to the bone, where they differentiate into pro-inflammatory macrophages. These macrophages activate ATF6, which then enhances the transcription of TNF伪 by binding to its promoter. This process accelerates osteoclast activity, promoting bone resorption and speeding up tooth movement. The diagram highlights key molecular interactions, including the activation of ATF6 and its interaction with the TNF伪 promoter.
Corticotomy, a surgical procedure aimed at accelerating tooth movement, induces bone remodeling through a phenomenon known as the regional acceleratory phenomenon (RAP). While this technique is effective, the molecular mechanisms behind RAP are not yet fully understood. Macrophages, crucial players in immune responses and bone remodeling, have been identified as key participants in this process. However, the precise role of molecules like ATF6, which controls stress responses in cells, remains elusive. Based on these knowledge gaps, there’s a clear need for more focused research to understand how ATF6 influences bone remodeling in corticotomy.
This, led by Zhichun Jin, Hao Xu, Weiye Zhao, and their team from the Department of Orthodontics at Nanjing Medical University, was published on April 1, 2025, in the . The study highlights the crucial role of macrophage ATF6 in accelerating orthodontic tooth movement during corticotomy. The researchers discovered that activation of ATF6 in macrophages increases the production of TNFα, a cytokine key to bone resorption. This process accelerates bone remodeling, facilitating faster tooth movement. The study suggests that ATF6 could be a potential target for future non-invasive orthodontic treatments, providing a path for more efficient orthodontic care.
The study used advanced murine models to explore the relationship between macrophage ATF6 and orthodontic tooth movement. Researchers found that corticotomy-induced activation of ATF6 in macrophages triggered a pro-inflammatory response, significantly accelerating the movement of teeth. The presence of pro-inflammatory macrophages in periodontal tissue indicated enhanced bone remodeling. When ATF6 was genetically knocked out in macrophages, the acceleration of tooth movement was reduced. Conversely, overexpressing ATF6 intensified the process. Further analysis revealed that ATF6 directly interacts with the Tnfα promoter, enhancing the transcription of this crucial cytokine. This discovery opens new avenues for targeted treatments that could improve the speed and effectiveness of orthodontic procedures.
"Macrophage ATF6 has proven to be a key regulator in orthodontic bone remodeling," said Prof. Bin Yan, a leading researcher involved in the study. "This protein not only accelerates tooth movement by influencing inflammation but also provides us with a new therapeutic target that could revolutionize orthodontic treatments, making them quicker and less invasive."
This research holds significant promise for the future of orthodontics. By targeting the ATF6-TNFα pathway, new therapies could be developed to accelerate tooth movement without the need for surgery. Such advancements could make orthodontic procedures faster, less painful, and more accessible. Beyond orthodontics, this study could have broader applications in bone healing and treatment for diseases involving bone loss. With further research, these findings could lead to the development of non-invasive, more effective treatments for bone-related conditions, ultimately transforming patient care across multiple fields.
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This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (82071143, 82371000, 82270361), Key Research and Development Program of Jiangsu Province (BE2022795), and the Postgraduate Research & Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province (KYCX22_1801). Thanks to the Jiangsu Province Capability Improvement Project through the Science, Technology and Education-Jiangsu Provincial Research Hospital Cultivation Unit (YJXYYJSDW4) and Jiangsu Provincial Medical Innovation Center (CXZX202227).
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(ISSN 1674-2818) was founded in 2009 and aims to publish all aspects of oral science and interdisciplinary fields, including fundamental, applied and clinical research. Covered areas include oral microbiology, oral and maxillofacial oncology, cariology, oral inflammation and infection, dental stem cells and regenerative medicine, craniofacial surgery, dental materials, oral biomechanics, oral, dental and maxillofacial genetic and developmental diseases.
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