A study led by Melinda Tasca, Ph.D., an associate professor in the Department of Criminal Justice and Security Studies at The University of Texas at El Paso, and published in Justice Quarterly, revealed a gender disparity in prison infractions that disproportionately affects women. It analyzed the disciplinary infraction records of more than 20,000 males and females in a large western state prison, who were released between 2010 and 2013.