天美传媒

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If qubits lose energy, they can lose coherence and thus their stored information. Determining the key sources of energy loss and adjusting how qubits are made can help researchers design new devices that can retain coherence and thus quantum information for longer amounts of time. In this study, researchers designed a novel way to characterize energy losses in a thin-film resonator. The work found that tantalum construction and annealed sapphire substrates improve device performance.

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Nuclear physicists recently used photons emitted by an accelerated gold nucleus to probe the inner structure of the protons and neutrons (nucleons) in another gold nucleus to measure the resulting density of gluons. The research found that nucleons bound in a nucleus have lower gluon density than free, unbound nucleons.

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Scientists recognized by the Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Science Distinguished Scientist Fellow Award are pursuing answers to science鈥檚 biggest questions.

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The sigma meson exists only for a fleeting moment before decaying into a pair of pions, making it hard to study. Nuclear physicists recently combined modern supercomputer calculations with more traditional theoretical tools to study the sigma meson, producing the first accurate theoretical view of the sigma as a system of quarks and gluons. This will aid in understanding the role the sigma meson plays in proton-neutron interactions and other phenomena.

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Researchers have developed a new type of scintillator using a colloidal quantum shell structure. These scintillators detect ionizing radiation, such as X-rays and electrons, with new levels of speed, efficiency, and durability. The advance could benefit fields ranging from medicine to national security to particle physics.

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Researchers demonstrated a new way to reveal the shapes of atomic nuclei. The method analyzes the flow and momentum of particles from high-energy collisions of nuclei. Those flow patterns are linked to the shape of nuclear matter created in these collisions, and the shape of the nuclear matter is in turn determined by the shapes of the colliding nuclei. The researchers compared observed flow patterns with flow models for different sizes and shapes of melted matter to reconstruct the highly deformed shapes of colliding uranium nuclei. STAR Collaboration

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Researchers recently created two atoms of livermorium (element 116) using a new approach that offers a path to discovering even heavier elements. This brings scientists closer to creating a new element with 120 protons, which would push the boundaries of the periodic table to a new eighth row and move closer to the 鈥渋sland of stability.鈥�

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Terbium-161 (Tb-161) is a radiolanthanide that shows promise for use in theranostic nuclear medicine. To obtain Tb-161 in a form amenable for medical use, the isotope must be separated from gadolinium, generally using DGA (N,N,N鈥�,N鈥�-tetra-n-octyldiglycolamide) and LN (Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phosphate) resins.

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Many particle accelerators rely on superconducting radiofrequency components made of niobium. Nuclear physicists found that dissolving oxygen atoms a few micrometers into niobium greatly improves the performance of components made of the metal. Now, the researchers are perfecting a model using different processes for adding oxygen. The model helps to predict and optimize component performance.

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The shape of nanoparticles depends on the choice of solvent and temperature during their growth, but the seed particles that form first are too small to measure accurately. Researchers have developed a new approach to successfully model seed particles with 100 to 200 atoms.

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Promethium鈥檚 short half-life and lack of stable isotopes makes it difficult to study. In addition, promethium is difficult to separate from other lanthanide elements because of these elements鈥� similarity. In this study, scientists created a pure sample of the isotope promethium-147 and used X-ray absorption spectroscopy to examine the way it chemically bonds.

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To make inorganic materials such as catalysts, industry mixes precursor powders and fires them in an oven. This often produces a mix of compositions and structures. In this study, researchers developed a new way to select precursors to increase yield and quickly validated their results using a robotic lab. The new recipe selection process obtained higher purity for 32 of the 35 target materials.

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Through the weak nuclear force, one quark flavor can transmute into another. However, current data and theory indicate that the probabilities of quark flavor transmutation do not add up to 100%, as predicted by the Standard Model of Particle Physics. To understand whether this is due to physics beyond the Standard Model or underestimated uncertainties, nuclear theorists laid out a new framework needed to extract the up-down quark flavor mixing with a precision of a few parts in ten thousand from certain nuclear beta decays.

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Scientists have long held that electricity is carried by individual electrons with discrete charges moving in a metal, even in the case of electrons clumped into quasiparticles. However, 鈥渟trange metals鈥� fail to obey this paradigm. Researchers have observed a radical quantum blurring of electrons in strange metal into a featureless liquid, potentially pointing toward a new theory of electrical transport.

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Atomic nuclei with 鈥渕agic numbers鈥� of protons or neutrons in their nuclear shells are extremely stable. Nuclear physicists are especially interested in nuclei with doubly magic numbers鈥攖hose that have full shells for both protons and neutrons. One example is the tin isotope Sn-100, which has 50 protons and 50 neutrons. To prepare for future work on Sn-100, researchers studied the properties of isotopes of indium as they approached 50 neutrons. This helps to demonstrate how adding single particles changes the properties of a nucleus.

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Bacteria commonly produce toxins that are lethal to themselves, but also produce the required antitoxins. These toxin-antitoxin (TA) systems may be useful in modifying bacteria for biotechnology applications, but the systems have unpredictable behavior. A new study of communities instead of individual species makes TA systems easier to understand and use.

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Simulations of equations from the Standard Model of particle physics are too difficult for classical supercomputers. In this research, scientists for the first time created scalable quantum circuits to prepare a simulation of the starting state for a particle accelerator collision to test aspects of strong interactions. The researchers first determined these circuits for small systems using classical computers, then scaled the quantum circuits to a large system on more than 100 qubits of IBM鈥檚 quantum computers.

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The transplutonium actinides are highly radioactive and rare, making them difficult to study. To examine their chemical properties, researchers typically use non-radioactive lanthanides as surrogates. In this study, scientists streamlined the synthesis of transplutonium actinide compounds, which allowed for more accurate direct comparisons of lanthanides and heavy actinide compounds, showing that transplutonium actinides have truly unique properties.