The main kinds of small molecules used in SE.
Conifers are foundational to ecosystems globally, providing critical environmental and economic value. Yet, their long life cycles slow traditional breeding methods, positioning somatic embryogenesis (SE) as a more effective option for rapid propagation and genetic research. Although SE has shown promise, ongoing issues like low initiation rates and unstable embryogenic tissue continue to impede progress. Given these challenges, research into scalable, high-efficiency propagation techniques remains essential.
Published (DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhae180) in Horticulture Research (July, 2024), researchers from Beijing Forestry University describe a breakthrough in tackling SE bottlenecks in conifers through small molecules. This study highlights how these compounds offer a practical solution for improving SE without genetic modification. Redox regulators and epigenetic inhibitors demonstrated the ability to modulate gene expression and cellular metabolism, creating a more reliable foundation for conifer propagation and conservation efforts.
The research explores three small-molecule categories: redox agents, epigenetic inhibitors, and metabolic regulators. Redox agents like glutathione (GSH) balance reactive oxygen species (ROS), essential for successful SE. Epigenetic inhibitors such as trichostatin A (TSA) were shown to boost embryogenic potential by modulating gene expression without altering genetic material. Additionally, metabolic regulators like γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) facilitate cell reprogramming, which supports the induction and longevity of embryogenic tissues. Together, these small molecules hold the potential to streamline SE in conifers, supporting both reforestation and commercial forestry without relying on genetic engineering.
“This innovative application of small molecules in SE addresses fundamental challenges in conifer propagation,” notes Dr. Jinfeng Zhang, lead researcher on the study. “These molecules serve as adaptable tools, fine-tuning cellular states to enhance embryo initiation and development. This approach shows significant potential for sustainable forestry and biodiversity conservation.”
Applying small molecules in SE could vastly increase the production of high-quality conifer seedlings for reforestation and commercial forestry. By boosting propagation rates and preserving genetic consistency, this method offers a feasible solution for both reforestation and the preservation of endangered conifer species. Additionally, its non-genetic nature aligns well with regulatory preferences in various regions, making SE advancements more readily adoptable worldwide.
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References
DOI
Original Source URL
https://doi.org/10.1093/hr/uhae180
Funding information
This paper was supported by the National Key R&D Program of China (2023YFD2200104), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (32271836), and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (2019ZY39).
About Horticulture Research
Horticulture Research is an open access journal of Nanjing Agricultural University and ranked number one in the Horticulture category of the Journal Citation Reports ™ from Clarivate, 2022. The journal is committed to publishing original research articles, reviews, perspectives, comments, correspondence articles and letters to the editor related to all major horticultural plants and disciplines, including biotechnology, breeding, cellular and molecular biology, evolution, genetics, inter-species interactions, physiology, and the origination and domestication of crops.
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