Latest news from bioRxiv on Newswise en-us Copyright 2024 Newswise 115 31 / /images/newswise-logo-rss.gif /articles/a-neurogenic-signature-involving-monoamine-oxidase-a-controls-human-thermogenic-adipose-tissue-development/?sc=rsin /articles/a-neurogenic-signature-involving-monoamine-oxidase-a-controls-human-thermogenic-adipose-tissue-development/?sc=rsin Mon, 14 Aug 2023 05:00:07 EST Mechanisms that control "beige/brite" thermogenic adipose tissue development may be harnessed to improve human metabolic health. To define these mechanisms, we developed a species-hybrid model in which human mesenchymal progenitor cells were used to develop white or thermogenic/beige adipose tissue in mice. bioRxiv /articles/reptor-crebrf-encode-key-regulators-of-muscle-energy-metabolism/?sc=rsin /articles/reptor-crebrf-encode-key-regulators-of-muscle-energy-metabolism/?sc=rsin Sun, 19 Dec 2021 12:00:57 EST AbstractMetabolic flexibility of muscle tissue describes the capacity to use glucose or lipids as energy substrates and its disruption is associated with metabolic dysfunction. Cancer-induced cachexia is a metabolic syndrome linked with muscle wastin bioRxiv /articles/epithelial-cells-of-the-intestine-acquire-cell-intrinsic-inflammation-signatures-during-ageing/?sc=rsin /articles/epithelial-cells-of-the-intestine-acquire-cell-intrinsic-inflammation-signatures-during-ageing/?sc=rsin Sun, 19 Dec 2021 12:00:57 EST AbstractDuring ageing, cell-intrinsic and extrinsic factors lead to the decline of tissue function and organismal health. Disentangling these factors is important for developing effective strategies to prolong organismal healthspan. Here, we addresse bioRxiv /articles/rho-kinase-regulates-neutrophil-net-formation-that-is-involved-in-uvb-induced-skin-inflammation/?sc=rsin /articles/rho-kinase-regulates-neutrophil-net-formation-that-is-involved-in-uvb-induced-skin-inflammation/?sc=rsin Sun, 19 Dec 2021 12:00:55 EST AbstractObjective: Ultraviolet B (UVB) is an important trigger of skin inflammation and lupus with leukocyte recruitment to inflamed skin. We recently reported the involvement of neutrophil NETosis in UVB-induced skin inflammation, and that NETotic n bioRxiv /articles/diy-caging-apparatus-to-facilitate-chronic-and-continuous-stimulation-or-recording-in-an-awake-rodent/?sc=rsin /articles/diy-caging-apparatus-to-facilitate-chronic-and-continuous-stimulation-or-recording-in-an-awake-rodent/?sc=rsin Sun, 19 Dec 2021 12:00:55 EST AbstractChronic stimulation of and recording from the brain and brain diseases can require expensive apparatus and tedious cycles of inducing rodents with anesthesia. To resolve this, we have designed and fabricated a low-cost (~$75 vs. $450) DIY rod bioRxiv /articles/an-improved-organ-explant-culture-method-reveals-stem-cell-lineage-dynamics-in-the-adult-em-drosophila-em-intestine/?sc=rsin /articles/an-improved-organ-explant-culture-method-reveals-stem-cell-lineage-dynamics-in-the-adult-em-drosophila-em-intestine/?sc=rsin Sun, 19 Dec 2021 12:00:51 EST AbstractIn recent years, live-imaging techniques have been developed for the adult midgut of Drosophila melanogaster that allow temporal characterization of key processes involved in stem cell and tissue homeostasis. However, current organ culture te bioRxiv /articles/nanoscale-patterning-of-em-in-vitro-em-neuronal-circuits/?sc=rsin /articles/nanoscale-patterning-of-em-in-vitro-em-neuronal-circuits/?sc=rsin Sun, 19 Dec 2021 12:00:48 EST AbstractMethods for patterning neurons in vitro have gradually improved and are used to investigate questions difficult to address in or ex vivo. Though these techniques guide axons between groups of neurons, multiscale control of neuronal connectivi bioRxiv /articles/chronic-staphylococcus-aureus-infection-is-cured-by-theory-driven-therapy/?sc=rsin /articles/chronic-staphylococcus-aureus-infection-is-cured-by-theory-driven-therapy/?sc=rsin Sun, 19 Dec 2021 12:00:48 EST AbstractStaphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is a challenging human pathogen due to its ability to evade the immune system and resist multidrug antibiotics. These evasive strategies lead to chronic and recurrent infections. Many studies have documented bioRxiv /articles/histone-demethylase-utx-regulates-glioblastoma-progression-through-affecting-periostin-expression/?sc=rsin /articles/histone-demethylase-utx-regulates-glioblastoma-progression-through-affecting-periostin-expression/?sc=rsin Sun, 19 Dec 2021 12:00:38 EST AbstractThe histone H3K27 demethylase UTX participates in regulating multiple cancer types. However, less is known about the UTX function in glioblastoma (GBM). This study aims to define the effect of UTX on GBM. GEPIA2 database analysis showed that bioRxiv /articles/mapping-information-rich-genotype-phenotype-landscapes-with-genome-scale-perturb-seq/?sc=rsin /articles/mapping-information-rich-genotype-phenotype-landscapes-with-genome-scale-perturb-seq/?sc=rsin Sun, 19 Dec 2021 12:00:38 EST AbstractA central goal of genetics is to define the relationships between genotypes and phenotypes. High-content phenotypic screens such as Perturb-seq (pooled CRISPR-based screens with single-cell RNA-sequencing readouts) enable massively parallel f bioRxiv /articles/rnai-screen-of-ring-u-box-domain-ubiquitin-ligases-identifies-critical-regulators-of-tissue-regeneration-in-planarians/?sc=rsin /articles/rnai-screen-of-ring-u-box-domain-ubiquitin-ligases-identifies-critical-regulators-of-tissue-regeneration-in-planarians/?sc=rsin Sun, 19 Dec 2021 12:00:36 EST AbstractRegenerative processes depend on the interpretation of signals to coordinate cell behaviors. The role of ubiquitin-mediated signaling is known to be important in many cellular and biological contexts, but its role in regeneration is not well bioRxiv /articles/genotype-and-th2-cells-control-monocyte-to-tissue-resident-macrophage-differentiation-during-nematode-infection-of-the-pleural-cavity/?sc=rsin /articles/genotype-and-th2-cells-control-monocyte-to-tissue-resident-macrophage-differentiation-during-nematode-infection-of-the-pleural-cavity/?sc=rsin Sun, 19 Dec 2021 12:00:36 EST AbstractThe recent revolution in tissue-resident macrophage biology has resulted largely from murine studies performed in the C57BL/6 strain. Here, we provide a comprehensive analysis of immune cells in the pleural cavity using both C57BL/6 and BALB/ bioRxiv /articles/m6a-demethylase-alkbh5-promotes-tumor-cell-proliferation-by-destabilizing-igf2bps-target-genes-and-worsens-the-prognosis-of-patients-with-non-small-cell-lung-cancer/?sc=rsin /articles/m6a-demethylase-alkbh5-promotes-tumor-cell-proliferation-by-destabilizing-igf2bps-target-genes-and-worsens-the-prognosis-of-patients-with-non-small-cell-lung-cancer/?sc=rsin Sun, 19 Dec 2021 12:00:31 EST AbstractThe modification of N6-methyladenosine (m6A) in RNA and its eraser ALKBH5, an m6A demethylase, play an important role across various steps of human carcinogenesis. However, the involvement of ALKBH5 in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) devel bioRxiv /articles/leukocyte-cytokine-responses-in-adult-patients-with-mitochondrial-dna-defects/?sc=rsin /articles/leukocyte-cytokine-responses-in-adult-patients-with-mitochondrial-dna-defects/?sc=rsin Sun, 19 Dec 2021 12:00:22 EST AbstractPatients with oxidative phosphorylation (OxPhos) defects causing mitochondrial diseases appear particularly vulnerable to infections. Although OxPhos defects modulate cytokine production in vitro and in animal models, little is known about ho bioRxiv /articles/prediction-of-high-risk-liver-cancer-patients-from-their-mutation-profile-benchmarking-of-mutation-calling-techniques/?sc=rsin /articles/prediction-of-high-risk-liver-cancer-patients-from-their-mutation-profile-benchmarking-of-mutation-calling-techniques/?sc=rsin Sun, 19 Dec 2021 12:00:17 EST AbstractIdentification of somatic mutations with high precision is one of the major challenges in prediction of high-risk liver-cancer patients. In the past number of mutation calling techniques have been developed that include MuTect2, MuSE, Varsca bioRxiv /articles/dok1-and-dok2-regulate-cd8-t-cell-signaling-and-memory-formation-without-affecting-tumor-cell-killing/?sc=rsin /articles/dok1-and-dok2-regulate-cd8-t-cell-signaling-and-memory-formation-without-affecting-tumor-cell-killing/?sc=rsin Sun, 19 Dec 2021 12:00:14 EST AbstractTargeting intracellular inhibiting proteins is a promising strategy to improve CD8+ T cell anti-tumor efficacy. DOK1 and DOK2 are CD8+ T cell inhibitory proteins that are targeted in this study in order to improve the activation and cytotoxic bioRxiv /articles/quantifying-the-morphology-and-mechanisms-of-cancer-progression-in-3d-em-in-vitro-em-environments-integrating-experiments-and-multiscale-models/?sc=rsin /articles/quantifying-the-morphology-and-mechanisms-of-cancer-progression-in-3d-em-in-vitro-em-environments-integrating-experiments-and-multiscale-models/?sc=rsin Sun, 19 Dec 2021 12:00:07 EST AbstractMathematical models of cancer growth have become increasingly more accurate both in the space and time domains. However, the limited amount of data typically available has resulted in a larger number of qualitative rather than quantitative st bioRxiv /articles/translational-readthrough-as-a-potential-therapeutic-for-aipl1-associated-leber-congenital-amaurosis-in-a-patient-derived-ipsc-retinal-organoid-model/?sc=rsin /articles/translational-readthrough-as-a-potential-therapeutic-for-aipl1-associated-leber-congenital-amaurosis-in-a-patient-derived-ipsc-retinal-organoid-model/?sc=rsin Sat, 18 Dec 2021 12:00:57 EST AbstractLeber Congenital Amaurosis type 4 (LCA4), caused by AIPL1 mutations, is characterised by severe sight impairment in infancy and rapidly progressive degeneration of photoreceptor cells. We generated retinal organoids using induced pluripotent bioRxiv /articles/single-cell-mrna-signals-reveal-a-distinct-developmental-state-of-kmt2a-rearranged-infant-b-cell-acute-lymphoblastic-leukemia/?sc=rsin /articles/single-cell-mrna-signals-reveal-a-distinct-developmental-state-of-kmt2a-rearranged-infant-b-cell-acute-lymphoblastic-leukemia/?sc=rsin Sat, 18 Dec 2021 12:00:36 EST AbstractInfant B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) has not followed the increasing trend towards cure seen in other childhood B-ALLs. The prognosis for infants with KMT2A gene fusions is especially poor, and the origins of this aggressive leu bioRxiv /articles/the-e3-ubiquitin-ligase-hectd1-contributes-to-cell-cycle-progression-through-an-effect-on-mitosis/?sc=rsin /articles/the-e3-ubiquitin-ligase-hectd1-contributes-to-cell-cycle-progression-through-an-effect-on-mitosis/?sc=rsin Sat, 18 Dec 2021 12:00:19 EST AbstractMechanistic studies of how protein ubiquitylation regulates the cell cycle, in particular during mitosis, has provided unique insights which have contributed to the emergence of the Ubiquitin code. In contrast to RING E3 ubiquitin ligases suc bioRxiv