A recent study reveals that NASA's PACE satellite, equipped with the Ocean Color Instrument (OCI), can accurately measure aerosol layer height (ALH) over ocean surfaces. This ability is critical for understanding how aerosols affect weather patterns and climate, enhancing atmospheric correction methods that are essential for satellite-based ocean color monitoring.
Candle flames, cars, and airplanes emit harmful gases and particles, which are formed through highly complex processes involving extremely fast reactions and often transient flow conditions. To better understand these processes, scientists from the USA and Europe developed the fastest 2D planar imaging system.
Since the early 2000s, optical frequency combs have had a major impact on science and technology. Miniaturization onto photonic chips is important for their deployment outside laboratory settings. Towards this goal, Song et al., demonstrated octave-spanning soliton frequency combs on the thin-film lithium niobate photonic platform.
A SLIPT system using a MIMO-based configuration significantly enhances data transmission and energy harvesting. This approach combines space- and time-splitting, enabling high data rates and efficient power transfer. The system operates in either single PD or quadrant PD mode, adapting to various conditions and requirements.
POSTECH team develops deep-learning powered label-free photoacoustic histology for virtual staining, segmentation, and classification of human liver cancers.
Green-gap lasing is a grand challenge that nonlinear nanophotonics has promise to address. Our research advances this by using Kerr optical parametric oscillation in silicon nitride microrings, pumped with a tunable 780 nm laser, to access the entire green gap (532-633 nm).
Optical phenomena are typically modeled with nearby interactions because interactions between optical elements generally decrease rapidly with distance. In the research from the Republic of Korea, scientists explored the impact of significant long-range interactions in topological photonics.
A research team created seven learning models using Support Vector Machine (SVM) algorithms to discern flowering-time-associated genes (FTAGs) from non-FTAGs, with the SVM-Kmer-PC-PseAAC model performing the best (F1 score = 0.934, accuracy = 0.939, and receiver operating characterstic = 0.943).
A research team conducted a comprehensive analysis of phylogenetic relationships among Australian citrus species and 13 international accessions, shedding light on their genetic diversity and evolutionary history.
In a notable advancement, scientists have developed an efficient gene functional analysis method for peach seedlings, overcoming longstanding hurdles in genetic transformation. Utilizing a TRV-based vector system, this innovative approach induces high-frequency gene silencing across diverse plant tissues, enabling in-depth analysis of genes essential for growth and development. The streamlined process notably shortens the transformation and analysis timeline to just 1.5 months, accelerating advancements in horticultural research.
New research reveals that Initial Coin Offerings (ICOs) conducted on proprietary blockchains are fundamentally much more likely to succeed in the long term, highlighting the significant impact of network effects on ICO performance.
The researchers used magneto-induced electric field (MIEF) technology to explore the structural and rheological properties of citrus pectin under different pH conditions. This technology is not only green and safe, but also easy to operate and low cost, suitable for industrial application.
Dirac semimetal PtTe2 holds great promise for next-generation low-power spintronics and optoelectronics devices. To achieve high performance in these devices, a deep study of phonon dynamics is crucial. Towards this goal, Chinese scientists, using all-optical ultrafast pump-probe and Raman scattering techniques, have discovered the generation mechanism of Eg-mode phonons driven by spin-polarized electrons and elucidated unusual dissipation process via electron-phonon scattering. This work paves the way for potential future breakthroughs in the field of spintronics and optoelectronics.
Computer-generated hologram (CGH) is a unique solution for the highly accurate testing of large-aperture aspheric mirrors, and its accuracy calibration has become one of the long-standing difficulties in this filed. Scientist in China developed an accuracy verification methodology based on an equivalent element, which transfers the aspheric wavefront reference in a comparison test.
Electromagnetic waves with vortex-shape, namely vortex beams, are important in various fields. However, multi-mode OAM beams are rarely seen. To solve this, the researchers in China propose a metasurface design scheme that generates double-polarized vortex combs in the terahertz band, with flexible control of the mode numbers, positions, and intervals.
A new multispectral smart window has been developed, capable of adjusting light transmission and providing robust microwave shielding. Combining liquid crystal scattering with dye doping, this technology allows independent control of transmittance and scattering in a single layer.
Scientist in China proposed a Memristive-Photoconductive Transduction (MPT) strategy to achieve crosstalk-free readout. By utilizing the characteristic that the photoelectric response of the semiconductor resistive memory device varies under different resistance states, precise and nondestructive readout operations can be achieved in a crossbar memory array.
A transformative coating brings dual benefits to wood: exceptional fire resistance and the preservation of its natural appearance. This transparent intumescent formulation, achieved through advanced chemical cross-linking, equips wood with a durable char-forming layer that significantly reduces heat release and enhances its oxygen index.
A new study reveals critical insights into how apple trees respond to Glomerella leaf spot (GLS), a severe fungal disease impacting apple yields. Focusing on the regulatory roles of valine–glutamine (VQ) and WRKY proteins in plant defense, the research offers promising pathways for breeding disease-resistant apple varieties.
Scientists have uncovered a crucial evolutionary mechanism that could revolutionize oil production in crops. The study reveals that whole genome duplications (WGDs) significantly boost oil content in oil crops, offering a strategic pathway to increase vegetable oil yields to meet rising global demand. This discovery promises to transform agricultural practices, ensuring a sustainable supply of this vital resource for both dietary and industrial use.
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